The American president who suggested the name ‘United Nations Organization’ was Franklin D Roosevelt.
It was in the continuous meeting from 1945 April 25 to June 26 at San Francisco of California in America, the representatives of 50 countries formed the UN Charter.
The representatives of 50 countries signed at charter in 1945 June 26. Later Poland also signed the charter, who earlier not signed during meeting. Thus there includes 51 members.
It was in 1945 October 24, UN officially came into existence. Every year, October 24 is celebrating as UN Day.
With the aim of peace for all nations, a society called League of Nations or All Nations Alliance is formed much before the formation of United Nations Organization.
The head quarters of UN are located at Manhattan of New York.
It was John D Rockefeller, who donated 17 Acre land of Manhattan Island for the construction of UN Secretariat.
The first general meeting of United Nations Organization is held in London in 1946.
The color of flag of United Nation Organization is Blue.
The symbol located at the center of flag of United Nations Organization is the map of World Nations between two Olive branches. White UN Symbol is fixed on Light blue background of Flag.
The Human Rights Declaration of United Nations Organization is done in 1948 December 10. So now December 10 is celebrating as Human Rights Day.
United Nations Organization has six official languages. They are Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish and Arabic. It was in 1973, Arabic is considered as sixth official language of UNO.
Two languages used for routine work of United Nations Organization are English and French.
The 50th anniversary of United Nations Organization is celebrated in 1995.
The European head quarters of United Nations Organization is Geneva.
The Asian country which is not a member of United Nations Organization is Taiwan and the European country is Vatican.
Generally, United Nations Organization has six Organs. They are General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Justice Court and the UN Secretariat.
General Assembly
General Assembly is the court where the representatives of member countries organize for discussion.
Every member country can send a maximum of five representatives to General Assembly. But only one vote from all the members is allowed from a country.
The members of general assembly would not have Veto power. It was general assembly which elect the secretary general upon the instruction of Security Council.
Security Council
It was Security Council, which contributes much for establishing the aim of world peace.
Security Council includes five permanent members and ten member nations who were elected for two year period.
China, France, Russia, Britain and USA were the permanent members of Security Council. These nations were called as P - 5 Nations.
Security Council has the authority to take military actions for maintaining peace in Emergency situations. For this purpose, there is a military staff committee for Security Council.
There need a vote from nine members including five permanent members for taking decisions on all subjects except assembly actions.
It was Security Council, who sends peace army by including armies from different nations for the conduction of performing peace agreements.
The temporary members are divided according to Geography. There were five temporary members from Asian – African countries, two from Latin America, one from Eastern Europe and two from Western Europe.
Economic and Social Council
Economic Social Council is the 54 member council elected for a period of three years. Every year one by third is resigning from council.
The duty of this council is for completing the UNO’s mission through the international Economic – Cultural and Social ways.
It was the Economic and social council who unite the activities of UN Agencies like World Health Organization and UNESCO.
Trusteeship Council
The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by the UN Charter in order to offer supervision for 11 Trust Territories.
By the year 1994, all Trust Territories had accomplished self-government. The Trusteeship Council was discontinued its operation on 1 November 1994.
International Court of Justice
The only head quarter of UN Organ outside Newyork is International Court of Justice otherwise International Judicial Court.
Even the head quarters of International Court is located at Hague of Netherlands, the court can handle cases from any countries as making the head quarters as respective country.
Fifteen Judges were elected for a period of nine years by the General Assembly and Security Council of United Nations Organization.
The period of judges of International Court is Nine Years. If there is the presence of nine judges, then there can be one Quorum.
The countries, which went to International judicial court for cases is called as Defendant.
The president and vice president of court are elected for a period of three years.
The official languages of International court are English and French.
The Indians who became the Judge in International Court are BN Rao, Justice Nagendra Singh and Justice RS Pathak.
The International Criminal Court started its working in 2002 July. Hague is its headquarters.
UN Secretariat
The main duty of Secretariat is the daily administration of UN.
Upon UN Security Council’s recommendation, Secretary General is appointed in Secretariat by General Assembly and 8900 officers from across the world.
Secretary General is the main officer of United Nations Assembly. Five years is the period of Secretary General.
Secretary General would be a person who must not maintain a special interest for a certain section or country population.
Trygve Lie (Norway) is the first European Secretary General.
The first Asian secretary general is U Thant (Burma).
Dr Boutros Boutros Ghali (Egypt) is the first African Secretary Council.
Dag Hammarskjold is the first Secretary General who passed away while in administration.
Trygve Lie is the first secretary general who resigned the secretary position of United Nations Assembly.
Kurt Waldheim is the person who became a president for a nation (Austria) after becoming a Secretary General.
Dag Hammarskjold and Kofi Annan were the secretary generals who got Nobel Prize (1961 and 2001 respectively).
UN Library is existed in the name of Dag Hammarskjold who died in an Aero plane Crash. New York is its Head Quarters.
The University of United Nations Assembly is located in Tokyo.
Indians at United Nations Organization
VK Krishna Menon is the malayalee who made a record in United Nations Organization for his speech lasting 8 hours. The speech was related to Kashmir and it was in 1957.
The first Indian president of UN General Assembly is Vijayalakshmi Pandit.
It was AB Vajpee, who speak in Hindi in UN for first time.
It was Mata Amritanantamayi, who speak in Malayalam in UN for first time.
The Indian, who lost after contested for the UN Secretary General position is Sasi Tharoor.
The only Indian woman who became the president of World Health Organization is Rajkumari Amritkaur.
The Indian who was elected as lifelong president of Inter Parliamentary Union is Najma Heptulla.
The Indian musician, who got a chance for singing in the celebration ceremony of UN Silver Jubilee, is MS Subbu Lakshmi.
The first Indian who was appointed as civilian police advisor of United Nations Organization is Kiran Bedi.
India became a member of United Nations Organization in 1945 October 30.
Secretary Generals of United Nations Organization
Trygve Lie (Norway), 1946 – 1952
Dag Hammarskjold (Sweden), 1952 – 1961
U. Thant (Burma), 1961 – 1971
Kurt waldheim (Austria), 1971 – 1981
Javier Perez de Cuellar (Peru), 1982 – 1991
Dr Boutros Boutros Ghali (Egypt), 1992 – 1996
Kofi Annan (Ghana), 1997 – 2007
Ban ki Moon (South Korea), 2007 – 2016
Antonio Guterres (Portugal), 2017 - present
Veto Power
The assembly will drop any motion, when a nation or any of the five permanent member countries opposed it through voting. This special power of permanent members is called as Veto. The specialty of these permanent members is that they were the victors of Second World War.
Security Council has the power for declaring and conducting the economic and Commercial Strike against nations.
Now there are 193 members in United Nations Organization. Switzerland joined as 190th member and East Timor joined as 191st member in 2002.
Montenegro joined as 192nd member in 2006 June 28. South Sudan is the 193rd member of UNO.
Taiwan is the first country, which is out from UNO and it was in 1971.
