Sree Narayana Guru is the social reformer who was considered as the ‘Father of Kerala Renaissance’. He is the great saint, who expressed the message ‘Man of any religion, should be good’.
Sree Narayana Guru was born in 1856 August 20 in Vayalvarathu veedu of Chempazhanthy village in Thiruvananthapuram district. The parents of Sree Narayana Guru were Madanasan and Kuttiyamma.
His famous Aruvippuram Consecration (Siva) was in the year 1888.
In 1891, Guru met Kumaran Asan at Kayikkara and met Chattampi Swamikal at Aniyur temple near Chempazhanthy in 1882.
SNDP Yogam was founded in 1903 and Guru became the life time President and Kumaranasan as Secretary. The Vavoottu Yogam established at Aruvippuram is the predecessor of SNDP Yogam.
Dr. Palpu was responsible for the bond in between Narayana Guru and Swami Vivekananda.
Guru founded the Advaitasrama at Aluva on the banks of Periyar in Kollam Era, 1090. He gave the message ‘‘One caste, One Religion, One God for Man’’ at a conference named “Daivadashakam” held at the Advaitasrama (1915).
Guru founded the Sarada temple at Varkala of Trivandrum in 1912.
Guru consecrated a mirror in a temple at Kalavankode.
In 1922, Tagore visited Sree Narayana Guru. Gandhiji visited Guru at Sivagiri in 1925.
Guru visited Sri Lanka in 1918 and 1924.
Sri Narayana Guru died on 20 September 1928 (5 Kanni 1104 KE).
The well-known Sivagiri pilgrim conducting every year on December 30, 31 and January 1 was envisioned by Vallabhassery Govindan Vaidyar and T.K. Kitten. The first Sivagiri Pilgrimage was started from the Elavumthitta village in Pathanamthitta district.
Sri Narayana Guru died on 20 September 1928 (1104 Kanni 5) at Sivagiri.
Guru's famous teachings were “Ask not, Say not, Think not Caste “,” Progress through education, Strengthen through organization" etc.
His major works: Daiva Dasakam (Ten Versus to God), Atmopadesa Satakam, Darsana Mala, Nirvriti Panchakam, Daiva Vichinthanam, Shiva Shathakam, Jathi Nirnayam, Thevarappathinkangal (Tamil), Jatimeemamsa, Ardhanareeswara Sthothram, Gajendra Moksham, Kundalini Pattu.
Ayyankali (1863-1941)
Ayyankali was born in 1863 at Venganoor in Trivandrum.
Ayyankali founded Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham in 1907. The society formed under the leadership of Ayyankali for the progression of backward communities in social and economic matters.
The first struggle of Ayyankali was for the right to use the public roads by the downtrodden people in 1893.
Kallumala Agitation is another significant movement of Ayyankali for Dalits in 1905. It is also known as Perinad Revolt. It is an agitation against the injustice of wearing ornaments made from stones by the women of backward communities as a part of caste system.
He was nominated to the legislative council of Sree Moolam Praja Sabha in 1910 and he remained in the office for 25 years.
He died in 18th June 1941 at the age of 77.
Gandhiji visited Ayyankali on his fifth kerala visit in 1937 and called him 'Pulaya Raja'.
Ayyankali started a school to teach dalit children at Venganoor. The year in which Ayyankali started a school in Venganoor for getting rights on education is 1905. It was Venganoor Pulvilakom Malayalam Primary School. Farmers agitation otherwise called as 19th Century agitation is led by Ayyankali.
It was Indira Gandhi, who inaugurated the Ayyankali Statue in Kowdiar at Thiruvananthapuram in 1980.
Chattampi Swamikal (1853-1924)
He was a Nair reformist.
He was born at Kannammoola in Thiruvananthapuram district.
The swami's original name was Ayyappan, although he was called Kunjan Pillai and later Shanmukhadasan. People affectionately called Chattampi Swamikal as Vidhyadhi Rajan.
In 1892 at the age of 39, Chattampi Swamikal met Swami Vivekananda at Cochin.
Pracheena Malayalam, Vedadikara Nirupanam, Advaita Chintapaddhathi, Vedanta Saram, Aadi Bhasha, Jeevita Karunya Niroopanam, Chirstumata Niroopanam etc are his famous works.
He attained Samadhi at Panmana in 1924 in Kollam district.
Chattampi Swami Memorial is situated at Panmana. The Bala Bhattaraka Temple constructed by his disciples was located at his resting place.
Mannathu Padmanabhan (1878-1970)
Mannathu Padmanabhan was born in Perunna Village in Changanacherry in 1878.
He founded Nair Service Society (NSS).
Nair Samudaya Bhrithya Jana Sangam was established in 1914 at Perunna in Changanassery.
The Sangam was formed on the model of Servants of India Society of Gopalakrishna Gokhale.
K. Kelappan became the first president and Mannath Padmanabhan became the first secretary of Nair Service Society.
The name NSS was accepted by this organisation in 1915 and this name was suggested by K. Paramu Pillai.
The seat of Nair Service Society is Perunna in Changannssery.
His autobiography is 'Reminiscences of My Life'.
Mannathu Padmanabhan was the first President of Travancore Devaswom Board.
As a part of Vaikkom Satyagraha a Savarna Jatha (from Vaikkom to Thiruvananthapuram) was organized under the leadership of Mannathu Padmanabhan. Mannathu Padmanabhan was the leader of Vimochana Samaram (1959).
He was honored with the title ‘Bharatakesari’ by the President of India.
Mannath Padmanabhan died in 1970 February 25.
Brahmananda Sivayogi (1852-1929)
He was the founder of the Sidhasramam at Alathur in Palghat district.
His real name was Karat Govidankutty Menon.
Ananda Maha Sabha and Anandamatham (religion of bliss) were also founded by Sivayogi.
He was a believer in the yoga system of philosophy.
He laid stress on non-violence, peace, acquisition of knowledge, social equality, happiness (ananda) etc for the welfare of mankind.
He illustrated his radical views in his works like Mokshapradipam, Anandasutram and so on.
Rajayogaparasyam, Moksha pradeepam and Sidhanubuti were some of the books written by Sivayogi.
Swami Vagbhatananda (1885-1939)
Vagbhatananda Gurudeva, born Pattiam, Kannur played a decisive role in the social reform movement in modern Kerala.
His real name was Kunjikannan Gurukkal.
He founded Atma Vidya Sangham in order to propagate his teachings.
The teachings of Vaghbhatananda helped to strengthen the base of the nationalist movement particularly in North Kerala.
Vaikunda Swamikal (1809-1851)
He was born at Swami Thoppu in the present Kanyakumari district as the son of Ponnumadan and Veyilali.
Ayyavazhi is a dharmic belief system centered on the life and preaching of Vaikundar.
He founded an organization called Samatva Samajam in 1836.
His real name was Muthukutty.
The Samatva Samajam seems to be the earliest social organization in Kerala.
He became the pioneer among the social revolutionaries.
He was arrested in 1837 during the reign of Swathi Thirunal and lodged in Singarathoppu Jail in Trivandrum.
Ayyaguru who was the jailor at the time, accepted Vaikunda Swami as his guru.
His works in Tamil entitled Akilathirattu and Arulnul are noted for their historical biographical and philosophical content. Ayyavazhi is related to the manuscript, Akilathirattu.
He was the first social reformer who raised the slogan -one caste, one religion, one race, one world, one god for humanity' (Jathi onrai, Matham onrai, Kulam onrai, Lokam onrai, Deivam onrai for men).
Extending support to the needy and the destitute, small buildings named Nizhal Thangals were founded in various parts of South India.
He founded common wells called munthirikkinar for people from all castes.
The swamikal condemned that the rule of Raja in Travancore as the rule of black devil and the rule of British in Travancore as the rule of white devils.
He raised the slogan " if we work we should be got paid”.
Mudi Choodum Perumal is the earlier name of Vaikunda Swamikal given by his parents.
He was the first person in South India to perform mirror consecration. He installed a mirror as deity at Swamithoppu.
Sahodaran Ayyapan (1890-1968)
Ayyappan was born in Cherayi of Vypin Island in Ernakulam.
His message is "No Caste, No Religion, No God for Man".
He founded the Vidhya Poshini Sabha.
He was the founder editor of the Magazines, Velakkaran and Yuktivadi.
In 1917, he started the Inter Dining (Misrabhoja) movement and also founded an organization called "Sahodara Sangham". (The Brotherhood Association)
In 1917, he organized the historic Misrabhojanam (a grand feast of all castes sitting together under one roof).
Sahodaran was a paper started by Sahodaran Ayyappan.
In 1928, he was elected to Cochin Legislative Councils.
He is one of the founding father of the trade unionism in Kerala.
Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai (1878-1916)
He was born on 25 May 1878 at Neyyattinkkara in Thiruvananthapuram.
He served as the editor of `Malayali' published from Kollam.
In 1906, he became the editor of Swadeshabhimani owned by Vakkom Abdul Khader Moulavi.
Govinda Pillai was the first editor of Swadeshabhimani.
He was deported from Kerala for criticizing the rule of Diwan P. Rajagopalachari in 1910.
`Karl Marx', 'Kerala Bhasholpathy’, ‘Pathradharmam’, ‘Benjamin Franklin', ‘Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’, `Socrates', ‘Mannante Kannathu’, 'Dharmaraja Nirupanam' are his famous works.
He wrote ‘Vrithantha Pathra Pravarthanam’, the first book on Journalism in the malayalam language.
The autobiography of Ramakrishna Pillai is "Ente Nadukadathal" (My Banishment).
He died on 28 March 1916 at Kannur, Kerala.
His memorial is situated in Payyampalam of Kannur district.
Vyazhavatta Smaranakal, Karmapham and Mahathikal are the literary works by Kalyani Amma. She was the second wife of Ramakrishna Pillai.
Vakkom Mohammed Abdul Khader Moulavi (1873-1932)
One of the most important of the muslim social reformers was Vakkom Abdul Khader Moulavi.
He was born at Vakkom in Thiruvananthapuram.
He is regarded as the father of Muslim Renaissance.
He founded the Travancore Muslim Mahajana Sabha in Thiruvananthapuram.
He exhorted the muslims to discard all unislamic practices and play an active part in modern progressive movements.
The Swadeshabimani edited by K. Ramakrishna Pillai was owned by him.
He also popularized Arabic - Malayalam by publishing an Arabic-Malayalam monthly called Al Islam.
The newspaper started by Vakkom Maulavi for the progression of Muslim community in 1906 January is ‘Muslim’.
His famous work is ‘Islam Matha Sidantha Samgraham’.
Kuriakose Elias Chavara (1805-1871)
Kuriakose Chavara was born on February 10, 1805 at Kainakary, Alappuzha.
Chavara took the additional name of 'Elias' from the camelite tradition of his having been their founder.
He is the founder of the carmelites of Mary immaculate, the first congregation for man in the Syro - Malabar Church and of a similar one for women, Congregation of the Mother of Carmel.
It was Chavara Kuriakose Elias Achan, who founded the first catholic Sanskrit school.
Kuriakose Elias Chavara was beatified at Kottayam on February 8, 1986 by Pope John Paul II.
On 23rd November 2014, he was canonized at Saint Peter's Square by Pope Francis along with Evuprasiamma.
He was the person who introduced the system of "A school along with every church". There onwards the schools of Kerala are also known in the name of "Pallikudam".
Chavara died on January 3, 1871 at Koonammavu.
Chavara Kuriakose Achan wrote the (a short poetic work) ‘Anasthasyayude Raktasakshithvam’.
In the year 1986, Chavara Achan is declared as canonize. The postal stamp with the image of Chavara Achan was released in the year 1987.
Thycaud Ayya Guru (1814-1909)
Thycaud Ayya (Sivraja Yogi) was born in Madras.
His original name was Subbarayan.
He was the Guru of Sree Narayana Guru, Chattambi Swamikal and Ayyankali.
‘Panthibhojanam' was started by Thycaud Ayya Guru.
Panthibhojanam was a social union in which people of different caste dine together without the barriers of religion.
Thycaud Ayyaswamikal died in 1909.
Brahmothara Kandam, Ramayanam Balakandam, Pazhani Vaibhavam are his famous works.
Ayyaswamikal argued that any spiritual leader can install idol in temples which later became an inspiration for Sri Narayana Guru.
Dr. Palpu (1863 - 1950)
Padmanabhan Palpu, one of the immortals of Indian Renaissance, was born on 2 November 1863 at Pettah, Thiruvananthapuram.
Dr Palpu is the first vice president of Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam. Matha Perumal is the name of Dr Palpu’s mother. Matha Perumal is the president of Women Samajam, which formed in 1904 under the leadership of Sree Narayana Guru.
He was the first medical degree holder from Ezhava community.
He formed the Greater Ezhava Association (Ezhava Mahasabha).
The first meeting of Association was held at Thiruvananthapuram.
Dr. Palpu is the man behind Ezhava memorial which is a mass memorandum signed by the people of Hindu Ezhava community in 1896.
The name of Dr Palpu’s article column series on Madras Mail about the discrimination faced by him and his community members is Thiruvithamkotte Theeyan.
Malabar Economic Union was also founded by Dr. Palpu.
He wrote a book in English 'Treatment of Tiyas in Travancore'.
He played a prominent role in establishing the SNDP Yogam.
He died on 10th October 1950.
K.P. Karuppan (1885 – 1938)
Pandit Karuppan the poet, dramatist and social reformer was born in to a lower middle class family belonging to Dheevara Community on 24 May 1885 at Cheranelloor near Ernakulam.
He is popularly known as Lincoln of Kerala as he works for the progression of socio- economically and educationally backward communities.
Karuppan’s childhood name was Sankaran.
Karuppans famous work ’Jaathikkummi’ criticized the prevailing caste system.
He wrote Achara Bhooshanam to generate awareness among the depressed classes against superstitions.
Balakalesam is one of Pandit Karuppan's significant contributions.
The Cochin Maharaja honored Karuppan with the title “Kavithilakan” which means Great Poet.
Kerala Varma Valiya Koyi Thampuran conferred the title of Vidwan upon Karuppan in 1913.
K.P. Karuppan is considered as the first human rights activists of Cochin State.
He organized people of his community into regional groups called Sabhas. He established the Sudharma Suryodaya Sabha at Thevara in 1910. Other sabhas established were Kalyanadayini Sabha (Kodungalloor), Jnanodayam (Eda Kochi), Vala Seva Samithi (Vaikom), Prabodha Chandrodaya Sabha (North Paravur), Araya Vamsodharani Sabha (Engandiyoor), and Sanmarga Pradeepa Sabha (Kumbalam).
Pandit Karuppan died in 1938 March 23.
His major works: Baalakalesam, Baalodyanam, Jathikkummi, Kairaleekouthukam, Sangeetha Naishadham, Achara Bhooshanam, Dheevara Tharuniyude Vilapam, Dhruvacharitham, Lalithopaharam, Sakunthalam Vanchippattu, Panchavadi.
VT. Bhattathiripad (1896-1982)
V.T. Bhattathiripad was born in 1896 in Kaippilly Mana at Kidangoor a village near Angamaly.
He was the one who conducted the first mixed race marriage in Brahmin Society.
His drama 'Adukkalayilninnum Arangathekku' in 1929 was a turning point in the prevailing society.
In 1931, V.T. Bhattathiripad conducted `Yachanayathra' from Thrissur to Chandragiri river, Kasargod to enable the poor children to get education.
Kanneerum Kinavum is his autobiography.
Poykayil Yohannan (Kumara Gurudevan) (1878-1939)
Poykayil Yohannan was born in 1878 at Eraviperoor, Pathanamthitta.
He was the founder of the socio- religious movement Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha (God's Church of Visible Salvation).
The Headquarters of Prathyksha Raksha Daiva Sabha (PRDS) is at Eraviperoor.
Yohannan was twice nominated (1921, 1931) to the Sreemoolam Praja Sabha.
Poikayil Yohanan’s struggles against caste system domination are normally called as Adi lahala.
Kumaranasan (1873-1924)
Kumaranasan was born in 1873 in Kayikkara village, Thiruvananthapuram.
Kumaranasan was the first secretary of SNDP Yogam.
He wrote the epic poem “Buddha Charitha” after inspired from Edwin Arnold's Light of Asia.
His short poem Veenapoovu is a literary classic. It paved the way for new movement in Malayalam literature.
Kumaranasan was the only poet in Malayalam who became `Mahakavi' without writing a Mahakaviyam.
He was awarded the title Mahakavi by Madras University in 1922.
His major works : Veenapoovu, Nalini, Leela, Sreebudhacharitham, Bala Ramayanam, Prarodanam, Chinthavishtayaya Sita, Duravastha, Karuna, Manimala.
The Kumaranasan National Institute of Culture is at Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram.
He died at the age of 51 as result of a boat accident in January 1924 while travelling to Kollam from a function in Alappuzha.
The boat named Redeemer capsized at Pallana River.
In 1904, he started a news paper Vivekodayam.
Subhananda Guru (1882-1950)
The earlier name of Subhananda Guru is Pappankutty.
The establisher of ‘Atma Bodhodaya Sangham’ is Subhananda Guru.
Atma Bodhodaya Sangham was established in 1926.
It was in the year 1935, under the leadership of Subhananda Guru, a march to thiruvananthapuram is done for the declaration of Temple Entry Proclamation.
In the year 1950, Subhananda Guru died.
Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker (1825-1874)
It was in the year 1853, Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker established the Mangalath Shiva Temple.
The second avarna Siva temple was established in 1853 by Arattupuzha Velayudhan Panicker at Thaneer Mukkam Cheruvaranam Kara.
For the freedom of wearing type of dress according to their will for women, Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker led the agitation ‘Achipudava Agitation’.
Mookutti Agitation is the agitation made by Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker for declaring rights for avarna women to wear gold ornaments.
Vagbhatananda (1985-1939)
The original name of famous guru, Vagbhatananda is Vayaleri Kunjikannan.
‘Abhinava Keralam’ montly was started by Vagbhatananda.
The quote of ‘Abhinava Keralam, Athmavidhyakahalam’ is ‘Awake! Pray to the Lord of the Universe! Arise now itself, and oppose injustice’.
Athma Vidhya, Atma Vidhya lekhamala, Adhyatma Yuddam, Prarthananjali etc were the major works of Vagbadanandan.
Vagbadanandan died on 1939 October.
Venkitachalam
The person who became famous in the name ‘Vedabandhu’ is Venkitachalam Ayyar.
Vedabandhu is related to the society, Arya Samaj.
Vedabandu is related to the famous Kalpathi Revolt.
The famous Malayalam Novelist, who helped Vedabandhu in the activities of Arya Samaj is P Kesava dev.
The author of work ‘Tandava Lakshanam’ is Vedabandhu.
The author of literary work ‘Rigveda Praveshika’ is Vedabandhu.
Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi (1852-1929)
The earliest name of Alathur Brahmananda Sivayogi is Karat Govinda Menon.
It was Brahmananda Sivayogi’s ideas and theories, which is known in the name ‘Ananda Madom’.
Ananda Mahasabha is established in 1918 by Alathur Brahmananda Sivayogi.
Sivayoga Rahasyam, Sthri Vidya Poshini, Sidhanubhuthi, Mokshapradeepam, Anandakalpadrumam, Ananda Suthram, Rajayoga Parasyam, Vigraharadhana Khandanam, Ananda Vimanam, Anandamatha Paraysyam, Anandakkummi, Ananda Ganam, Anandadarsam were the famous works of Alathur Brahmananda Sivayogi
Swami Agamananda (1896–1961)
The earliest name of Swami Agamananda is Krishnan Nambiathiri.
Kalady Sree Ramakrishna Ashram was founded by Agamananda Swamy.
It was under the leadership of Agamananda Swamy, the monthly Amritavani, Prabudha Kerala was started.
The author of famous work, Vivekananda Sandesham is Agamananda Swamy.
Agamananda Swamy wrote the Sreesankara bhagavat gita vyakyanam.
Dr Ayyathan Gopalan (1861-1948)
Dr Ayyathan Gopalan was worked related to the establishment, Brahmo Samaj.
Brahma Dharma which is considered as ‘Bible of Brahmo Samaj’ is translated to Malayalam by Dr Ayyathan Gopalan.
It was Devendranath Tagore, who wrote, Brahma Dharma.
Dr Ayyathan Gopalan wrote the play ‘Suseela Dukham’.
The play ‘Saranjani Parinayam’ was written by Dr Ayyathan Gopalan.
Dr Ayyathan Gopalan died in 1948.
Barrister GP Pillai (1864–1903)
The birthplace of Barrister GP Pillai is in Pallipuram near Thiruvananthapuram.
In the name ‘A Nation Lover’, GP Pillai wrote political articles from Madras.
It was Barrister GP Pillai, who wrote the small article ‘Travancore for Travancoreans’ in 1889.
The malayalee who participated in fifth All India Congress meeting in 1889 is Barrister GP Pillai.
The malayalee who was elected as Secretary during Madras Congress Meeting in 1894 is Barrister GP Pillai.
The only malayalee who was mentioned in biography of Gandhiji is Barrister GP Pillai.
Barrister GP Pillai was died in 1903 May 21.
Kurumban Daivathan (1880-1927)
The birthplace of Kurumban Daivathan is Edayaranmula near to Chenganoor.
The social reformer who was known in the nickname ‘Naduvathamman’ is Kuruban Daivathan.
It was Kurumban Daivathan, who formed the society, ‘Hindu Pulaya Samajam’ in 1917.
It was in the year 1915, Daivathan is nominated to Sreemoolam Praja Sabha.
It was in the year 1924, Daivathan and his followers entered Chengannur Mahadeva Temple for worship.
TK Madhavan (1885-1930)
TK Madhavan was born in 1884.
The Society, Ezhava Samajam was founded by TK Madhavan.
Under TK Madhavan’s leadership, Deshabhimani Newspaper is started.
It was in the year 1922, TK Madhavan and Mahatma Gandhi made a conversation at Thirunelveli.
TK Madhavan presented the report of Vaikom Sathyagraha in Kakinada Congress Meeting in 1923.
The main among the leaders of Vaikom Sathyagraha is TK Madhavan.
TK Madhavan was elected as SNDP secretary in 1927.
TK Madhavan died in 1930.
Pampady John Joseph (1887-1940)
The birthplace of Pampady John Joseph is Thiruvalla.
Travancore Cheramar Mahajana Sabha established in 1921 was formed by Pampady John Joseph.
The magazine, Sadhu Jana Doothan was started by Pampady John Joseph in 1919.
It was in the year 1923 March 9, the avarna of kerala got their history back by declaring the Aikkara Naduvazhi as their new feudal lord.
The ‘Savarna Christians and Avarna Christians’ are the works of Pampady John Joseph.
In the year 1931, Pampady John Joseph was elected to Sree Chitra State Council.
Pampady John Joseph was died in July 1940.
Dr Velukutty Arayan (1894-1969)
The Cheriyazheekal Vijnana Sandayini library was established by Dr Velukutty Arayan in 1908.
Cheriyazheekal Araya Vamsha Paripalana Yogam was established by Velukutty Arayan.
The Samastha Kerala Araya Mahajana Yogam was established by Dr Velukutty Arayan in 1919.
Arayan (1917) newspaper was started by Dr Velukutty Arayan.
Araya Sthreejana Monthly was started by Dr Velukutty Arayan.
The general secretary of Travancore Avarna Hindu Mahasabha formed in 1924 is Dr Velukutty Arayan.
The Akhila Navika Thozhilali Sangam started under the leadership of Dr Velukutty Arayan was in 1931.
Arayan Newspaper was banned in 1938.
The monthly started in 1948 under the leadership of Dr Velukutty Aryan for the scientific progression in Fisheries sector is ‘Fisheries Magazine’.
For the development of rural fisheries, Dr Velukutty Arayan forwarded a project called Inland Fisheries Scheme.
The publications of Dr Velukkuty Arayan were Dharma Poshini Weekly, Samadhanam Montly, Theeradesam Weekly, Kalakeralam Montly and Chiri Montly. His notable works were Rasalakshana Samuchayam, Vasa Vadatha Nirvanam (Atta Katha) and Kurukkan Kathakal (Bala Sahithyam). His pen names were Trivikraman, Vajra Soochi, Aalapadan, Chakshu Sravanan, Alappattu Balan, Kumbandan, Chemmatram, Mani etc were his pen names.
Dr Velukutty Arayan died in 1969.
C. Kesavan (1891-1969)
C Kesavan is one among the pioneer among the leaders who formed Travancore (Thiruvithaamkoor) State Congress.
The famous Kozhencherry speech was made by C Kesavan in 1935 May 11.
C Kesavan is elected as the chief minister of Thiru-Kochi state in 1951.
C Kesavan made the statement "If a Temple is destroyed, that much superstition is destroyed"
It was C Kesavan, who mentioned Karl Marx as ‘Bhagvan Karl Marx’.
The autobiography of C Kesavan is ‘Jeevitha Samaram’.
C Kesavan died in 1969 July 7.
Anandatheerthan (1905-1987)
The person who becomes famous in the name ‘Anandatheerthan’ is Ananda Shenoy.
